India is a mesmerizing and enticing destination that offers a banquet to the senses. A spiritual mecca, the profusion of convoluted cosmologies makes this country one of the most complex and rewarding on earth. Rarely visited by tourists, eastern India is where two of these spiritual systems began. This is the birthplace of Jainism, started almost 3,000 years ago in the Ganges basin, and the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya in the 5th century BC, creating the belief system that is now practiced all over the world.
Join Professor David Eckel and only 13 others on a captivating odyssey through eastern India to explore hidden gems of sacred sanctuaries way off the beaten tourist trail. Our unusual journey will take us from Bodh Gaya where the Buddha attained enlightenment, to Patna where a casket believed to contain the Buddha’s ashes was found, to the great city of Kolkata, to Bishnupur’s Laterite Hindu temples, to the Buddhist Golden Triangle of the East, to the intricately carved Jain caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri. Our truly unique exploration includes three UNESCO World Heritage Sites – Bodh Gaya dominated by the ancient brick Mahabodhi Temple, the oldest Buddhist University of Nalanda, and Konârak, dedicated to the Hindu Sun God Surya.
Boston University
Philosophical theory and religious practice
Depart on your flight for India.
Evening arrival into Delhi and overnight in the 5-star Pullmann Aerocity Hotel at Delhi’s International Airport.
Fly to Gaya, and drive to neighboring Bodh Gaya, considered one of the world’s most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites. Meet this evening for our gala welcome dinner party. Overnight for two nights in the 4-star Mahabodhi Resort. (B/ /D)
We will spend the day in the vast Temple Complex in Bodh Gaya. Begin at the Bodhi Tree or “Tree of Awakening”, under which Prince Siddhartha Gautama, the spiritual teacher later known as the Buddha, is said to have attained enlightenment in the sixth century BC. This enormous ficus is a direct descendant of the original specimen planted in the third century BC. About 200 years after the time of the Buddha, the Emperor Ashoka constructed the Mahabodhi Temple. Over the centuries, it has been rebuilt repeatedly and is now part of a large monastery complex. This impressive temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the oldest brick structures in eastern India. Also within the complex is a gigantic, 65-foot tall statue of the Buddha built in 1989 for the Dali Lama. (B/L/D).
Our two-hour drive takes us from Bodh Gaya to Rajgir, famous for its hot water springs, and a sacred place for both Hindus and Buddhists. Within the environs are many sites to visit. In the 4th century BC, the Buddha’s friend and protector, King Bimbisar, offered the bamboo grove or Venu Van to be used for meditation. Inscriptions found inside one of the cave contends that the nearby Son Bhandar Caves were carved out of a cliff face in the 3rd or 4th century by a Jain wise man as a dwelling for Jain ascetics. The interiors of the dual chambers were polished and ornamented with sculptures. Holes meant to support beams seen above the cave entrance suggest that the cave once had a second story and a wooden verandah. The Vulture Peak, a small mountain just outside the city, is said to be the site where the Buddha revealed the Mahayana. Near the Vulture Peak is the Rajgir Vishwa Shanti Stupa or World Peace Pagoda, completed in 1969. Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, Nalanda was an ancient university and Buddhist monastic center from the 5th to the 12th centuries. At its height, scholars from as far away as Tibet, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia traveled here to study. After our explorations, continue to Patna, an ancient city that sprawls along the south bank of the Ganges River. Overnight in the 5-star Hotel Lemon Tree Premier. (B/L/D)
Patna is the state capital, and home to Bihar Museum, a contemporary landmark exhibiting bronze sculptures and old coins from the region. We will enter to view artifacts from nearby sites, along with textiles, paintings, bronze images and sculptures and terra cotta images by Hindu and Buddhist artists. Also housed here is a collection of rare British-era paintings depicting day-to-day life. After spending the morning within the museum, go to the airport for an afternoon flight to Kolkata and overnight for two nights in the 5-star Oberoi Grand Hotel. Dinner is on our own. (B/L)
Today is a Kolkata day! Begin in Dalhousie Square, the location of St. John’s church, High Court, General Post Office (GPO), Town Hall, and other important British colonial buildings. Then stop by the Mallik Ghat. The unique perfumes of vivid marigold, clusters of sacred lotus, vibrant roses, and bright yellow sunflowers await as we walk through the largest flower market, not only in India, but also in Asia. Nearby, see Howrah Bridge, the sixth longest cantilevered bridge in the world, spanning the Hooghly River. Stunning St. Paul’s Cathedral, completed in 1847 and the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Kolkata, is noted for its Gothic architectural style, “Indo-Gothic”, a mixture of Islamic and European features. We will see the impressive, gleaming white marble Victoria Memorial, dedicated to the British queen, and The Mother House of the Missionaries of Charity, the former home of Mother Teresa, one of the most celebrated and revered women in Indian History; her tomb is within the grounds. (B/L/D)
Drive from Kolkata to Tarakeswar to see Baba Taraknath Temple. The sanctuary is a major pilgrimage spot, and the interior holds the Shayambhu Linga, a non-figurative representation of the Hindu god Shiva. Within the complex are other shrines dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali and Lord Lakshmi-Narayan, a manifestation of Vishnu. Continue to Bishnupur and the Annapurna Hotel, our home for two nights. (B/L/D)
Bishnupur is an ancient city that was the capital of the Malla dynasty for almost a thousand years. Today it is renowned for clay crafts, Baluchari sarees, and ornately decorated medieval Hindu temples. By walking and cycle rickshaw, we will explore Bishnupur’s glorious past reflected in its splendid architecture. Magnificent Jor Bangla Temple, lavishly bedecked with terracotta tiles revealing contemporary life in the 17th century, portrays the slanted roofs of traditional thatched huts. Built of brick with both exterior and interior walls adorned with terracotta tablets, Madan Mohan is a Bengali ‘chala’ style Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna. 17th century Rasmancha, one of the oldest brick temples in India, is unique in design. Standing on a raised platform of laterite blocks, forty pillars support a pyramid-shaped roof that cover the three interior rooms adorned with carved lotus flowers. Funded by a Malla Queen in 1737, Radha Madhab Temple is an example of the Ek Ratna architectural style. This beautiful building has a sloped roof below the single tower with two outside walls decorated with scenes from the Ramayana and other mythological stories. (B/L/D)
Depart Bishnupur and drive to Panchmura craft village where, for 300 years, families have created hand-made clay collectibles. The villagers offer a wide range of terracotta products from animal to human figurines but they are renowned for their huge clay horses. Continue to Kolkata to board an afternoon flight to Bhubaneswar, called the ‘temple city’ with its multitude of sanctuaries in the old city and the nearby countryside. Our home for three nights is the 5-star Mayfair Lagoon Hotel in Bhubaneswar, a luxury resort overlooking a lush lagoon. Be sure and make reservations for a sumptuous experience in the spa! Dinner is on our own. (B/L)
Today’s all day excursion takes us into the nearby Assia Hills to discover Odisha’s Buddhist Triangle of Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri and Udayagiri, hidden well off the beaten tourist trail. Dating back to the 1st century CE, Lalitgiri is the oldest Buddhist site in Odisha. Excavations have unearthed remnants of a stupa complex, and two stone caskets were found containing bone relics, believed by some to be of the Buddha or one of his important followers. Ratnagiri was home to a 5th century Buddha monastery, or mahavihara. Elaborately decorated with doorways and pillars of contrasting colors of green and purple shades, each of the three brick structures enclose a central paved courtyard with monastic cells. During archaeological research, two dozen colossal Buddha heads were unearthed, and one of the shrines is still home to a 12-foot-tall sculpture of the Buddha. The sanctuary of Udayagiri spreads across two hills and is the largest Buddhist complex in Odisha. The walls of one of the many stupas is adorned with niches containing multiple representations of the Buddha. (B/L/D)
This morning’s drive takes us to see ancient rock-cut caves that, as early as in the 1st century BC, were shelters for Jain monks. The largest at Udayagiri, Rani Gumpha, is two stories, elaborately embellished with intricately carved images. The friezes on the upper floor depict the victory march of a king. Nearby Khandagiri Cave is also abundantly bedecked with reliefs of deities and charming scenes from everyday life. We then return to the old city of Bhubaneswar to visit two holy places. Several times a day, the lingam at Lingaraj Temple is washed and decorated with flowers and sandal paste and, with luck we will see one of the ceremonies. With lattice designs and refined carvings, Mukteswar Temple is certainly an architectural gem. A highlight here is the wonderful decorative gateway with twin columns supporting a semi-circular arch that blends Hindu and Buddhist characteristics. We will stop at the Museum of Tribal Arts & Artefacts to view displays of traditional dress, silver and bead jewelry, elaborate headdresses, weaponry, and other artifacts representing the more than 60 tribal groups in the region. Our final stop will be at the Dance Academy School to enjoy a presentation of Odissi Dance, one of the classical dance forms of India. (B/L/D)
Depart this morning for Puri where we will visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Konârak. Dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, the creator of the universe and the source of all life, the fabulous 13th-century Hindu temple has twelve pairs of gigantic stone wheels on the sides of the structure transforming the entire temple into the chariot of Surya. The figures of horses on the front and on each side of the staircase further enhance this allusion. The elegant structure is exquisitely bejeweled with stone carvings. Overnight for two nights in the 4-star Mayfair Heritage Hotel in Puri, with gorgeous ocean views. (B/L/D)
Begin the day at Jaganath Temple, a massive temple complex dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form of Vishnu, and an important pilgrimage site. Only Hindus are allowed inside but we will be able to view the spectacular architecture from the outside. Then we move on to Raghurajpur, declared a ‘heritage village’ in 2000 by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH). Although other traditional art forms are created here, the village is known for its Pattachitra artists. Painted on cloth and depicting scenes of myths and folktales, this art form dates back several centuries. The ancient Gotipua tradition has survived in this small village and we will have an opportunity to learn about this dance performed by young boys who dress as female to praise of Lord Krishna. The carved dancers on the bas-reliefs on the Sun Temple in Konârak are evidence that this is a very old tradition. (B/L/D)
Depart Puri this morning to fly to Bhubaneswar airport where we will board a mid-day flight to Delhi. Upon arrival, we will join together for our final lunch and then have time to rest before our flights home. Overnight in the Pullmann Aerocity Hotel at the Delhi Airport. In the late evening, board our planes for the return flights. (B/L)
Arrive home.
